AN OVERVIEW OF TRICHOMYCETE SYSTEMATICS Compiled by J. K. Misra Updates by Robert W. Lichtwardt Kingdom: FUNGI Phylum: ZYGOMYCOTA Class: TRICHOMYCETES
To view images of genera, go to a genus description and click on the generic name.
Amoebidiales
Amoebidiaceae
Amoebidium
Paramoebidium
Asellariales
Asellariaceae
Asellaria
Baltomyces
Orchesellaria
Eccrinales
Eccrinaceae
Alacrinella
Arundinula
Astreptonema
Eccrinidus
Eccrinoides
Enterobryus
Enteromyces
Enteropogon
Leidyomyces
Paramacrinella
Passalomyces
Ramacrinella
Taeniella
Taeniellopsis
Palavasciaceae
Palavascia
Parataeniellaceae
Lajasiella
Parataeniella
Harpellaceae
Carouxella
Harpella
Harpellomyces
Stachylina
Stachylinoides
Legeriomycetaceae
Allantomyces
Austrosmittium
Bojamyces
Capniomyces
Caudomyces
Coleopteromyces
Ejectosporus
Furculomyces
Gauthieromyces
Genistelloides
Genistellospora
Glotzia
Graminella
Graminelloides
Lancisporomyces
Legerioides
Legeriomyces
Legeriosimilis
Orphella
Pennella
Simuliomyces
Smittium
Spartiella
Stipella
Trichozygospora
Zygopolaris
AMOEBIDIALES Léger & Duboscq-Arch. Anat. Microscop. 25: 309-324, 1929
Thalli coenocytic, unbranched, attached to the exoskeleton or hindgut cuticle of aquatic Crustacea or Insecta. Holocarpic, amoeboid cells encyst and produce cystospores, in some elongate spores with rigid walls are also produced.
Family characters are as of the order.
Type genus: Amoebidium Cienkowski
Thalli attached externally to the host cuticle, rarely in rectum. Uninucleate sporangiospores or amoeboid cells are produced. Amoeboid cells after encystment produce elongate cystospores.
Etymology: Latin amoeba; Gr. amoibe, means change
Type species: Amoebidium parasiticum Cienkowski-Bot. Zeit. 19: 25, 1861
Type host: Caddis fly larvae (Diptera, Trichoptera), Gammarus pulex (Amphipoda) and mosquito larvae (Diptera, Culicidae)
Type locality: Wiesbaden, Germany
Amoebidium recticola Chatton-Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen., Ser. 4, 5: 38, 1906
Amoebidium australiense Lichtwardt & Williams-Mycologia 84: 381, 1992
Amoebidium colluviei
Lichtwardt-Rev. Biol. Trop., 45: 1358,
1997
PARAMOEBIDIUM Léger & Duboscq-C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 189: 75-77, 1929
Thalli unbranched, variously shaped-cylindrical, tubular, curved, etc., attached to hindgut cuticle of the host (freshwater larval Insecta) by secreted holdfast or sometimes to the thalli of other trichomycetes inhabiting the same gut or even to its own other thalli. Produce amoeboid cells which after encystment produce cystospores. No sporangiospores are produced.
Etymology: Latin parilis means like; i.e. like Amoebidium
Type species: Paramoebidium inflexum Léger & Duboscq-C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 189: 75, 1929
Type host: Larval Nemoura variegata (Plecoptera, Nemouridae).
Type locality: Alpine streams, France.
Paramoebidium curvum Lichtwardt-Amer. J. Bot., 66: 1093, 1979
Paramoebidium bibrachium Williams & Lichtwardt-Can. J. Bot., 68: 1048, 1990
Paramoebidium corpulentum Lichtwardt & Williams-Mycologia 83: 390, 1991
Paramoebidium digitoideum
Ferrington, Lichtwardt & López
Lastra-Mycologia 91:
1065
Paramoebidium papillatum Lichtwardt & Williams-Mycologia 84: 376-383, 1992
Paramoebidium grande Lichtwardt & Arenas-Mycologia 88: 844-857, 1996
ASELLARIALES Manier ex Manier & Lichtwardt, 1978 (in Lichtwardt & Manier-Mycotaxon 7: 441-442, 1978 ( = Asellariales Manier, 1951, nom. nud. )
Thalli branched and septate, attached to the hindgut cuticle of host [Isopoda or Insecta (Collembola)] by variously shaped holdfast cells-the distinguishing feature of genera and species of the order. Asexually reproducing by means of arthrospores. Sexual reproduction not known.
Characters of the family are the same as that of the order.
Type genus: Asellaria Poisson
Vegetative thalli coenocytic and branched, attached to hindgut cuticle of the hosts (aquatic, marine and terrestrial Isopoda, Crustacea) by variously shaped holdfast cells-the distinguishing feature of different species of the genus.
Etymology: Named after the host genus Asellus
Type species: Asellaria caulleryi Poisson-Bull. Biol. France Belgique 66: 233, Figs. 1-9, 1932
Type host: Asellus aquaticus and Asellus meridianus (Isopoda, Asellidae).
Type locality: Departments of Pas-de-Calais
and Ille-et-Vilaine, France.
Asellaria armadillidii Tuzet & Manier ex Manier-Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 12, 9: 104, 1968
Asellaria gramenei Tuzet & Manier ex Manier-Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 12, 9: 93-108, 1968
Asellaria ligiae Tuzet & Manier ex Manier-Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 12, 9: 103, 1968
Asellaria aselli Scheer ex Moss & Lichtwardt-Mycotaxon 20: 264, 1984
Asellaria unguiformis
Lichtwardt-Mycotaxon 20: 260, 1984
BALTOMYCES Cafaro-Mycologia 91: 517, 1999
Thalli branched. Central main axis
septate, attached lengthwise to the hindgut,
bearing numerous free lateral fertile branches
from each side. Long-fusiform sporangia
produced in chains at terminal ends of branches,
each bearing one cylindrical spore. In
aquatic Isopoda.
Etymology: Gr. baltodes = swamp (in a swamp-dwelling isopod)
Type species: Baltomyces styrax Cafaro
Type host: Caecidotea obtusa (Isopoda)
Type locality: Louisiana, USA
ORCHESELLARIA Manier ex Manier &
Lichtwardt-Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 12, 9: 519- 532, 1968
( = Orchesellaria Manier,
1958, nom. nud.)
Thalli branched, branches arise from the basal holdfast cell, attached to the cuticle of the host-Collembola (Insecta). Arthrospores formed either by the disarticulated branches of the thalli or terminally.
Etymology: Named after the host genus Orchesella (Collembola, Entomobryidae)
Type species: Orchesellaria lattesi Manier ex Manier & Lichtwardt-Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 12, 9: 526, 1968 (1969)
Type host: Orchesella villosa (Collembola, Entomobryidae)
Type locality: Department of Hérault,
France
Orchesellaria mauguioi Manier ex Manier-Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 12, 10: 618, 1969 (1970)
Orchesellaria podurae Manier-Rev. Mycol., 43: 345, 1979
Orchesellaria pelta Lichtwardt-Mycotaxon 20: 266, 1984
ECCRINALES Léger & Duboscq-Arch. Anat. Microscop., 25: 309-324, 1929 sensu Manier & Lichtwardt-Ann. Sci., Bot., Ser. 12, 9: 519-532, 1968
Thalli coenocytic, unbranched, rarely branched at the base. Attached to hindgut or foregut of Diplopoda, Crustacea, or Insecta by a secreted holdfast. One or more types of sporangiospores are produced basipetally.
Thalli unbranched, except for a few cases where branching can be seen at the base. Two types of sporangiospores are formed on different thalli in basipetal succession. Primary infestation spores may be uninucleate and thin walled, or thick walled with 1-4 nuclei, with or without appendages. Secondary infestation spores are multinucleate and thin walled. Other cell types may also be produced.
Type genus: Enterobryus Leidy
Thalli dimorphic. Macrothalli lobed or inflated at the base, primary infestation sporangiospores oval, thick walled, 4-nucleate, secondary infestation sporangiospores multinucleate. Microthalli cleaving into a series of small cells.
Etymology: Not known
Type species: Alacrinella limnoriae Manier & Ormières ex Manier- Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 12, 9: 97, 1968
Type host: Limnoria tripunctata, Isopoda, Limnoidae
Type locality: In the Mediterranean Étang de Thau near Sète, Hérault,
France
Alacrinella sanjuanensis Hibbits-Syesis 11: 252,
1978
ARUNDINULA Léger & Duboscq-C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 142: 590-592, 1906
Thalli attach to foregut and often also to hindgut of the host (Decapoda, Crustacea) with spore-mother cells persisting apically. Primary infestation sporangiospores often flat and disklike. Secondary infestation sporangiospores almost oval, occasionally elongate. Oval or ellipsoidal spores with appendages produced in some species.
Etymology: L. arundo = reed
Type species: Arundinula capitata Léger & Duboscq-C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 142: 590, 1906
Type host: Pagurus maculatus and Eupagurus cuanensis (Decapoda, Paguridae)
Type locality: Marine, intertidal, Department of Pyrénées-Orientales
and Hérault, France
Arundinula orconectis Lichtwardt-Mycologia 54: 440, 1962
Arundinula galatheae Manier & Ormières ex Manier-Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 12, 9: 100, 1968
Arundinula haplogaster Hibbits-Syesis 11: 234, 1978
Arundinula washingtoniensis Hibbits-Syesis 11: 228, 1978
Arundinula abyssicola Van Dover & Lichtwardt-Biol.
Bull., 171: 463, 1986
ASTREPTONEMA Hauptfleisch-Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 13: 83-88, 1895
Thalli dimorphic, spore mother-cell more or less apically persistent. Macrothalli typically curved at the base, produce thick-walled, oval, usually 4-nucleate primary infestation sporangiospores, some with one appendage at each pole, or produce multinucleate secondary infestation sporangiospores. Microthalli cleave into a series of small cells.
Etymology: Gr. asptreptos = inflexible; Gr. nema = thread
Type species: Astreptonema longispora Hauptfleisch-Ber. Deut. Bot. Ges. 13: 87, 1895
Type host: Gammarus pulex (Amphipoda, Gammaridae)
Type locality: Freshwater habitats, Germany (Thüringen)
Astreptonema gammari (Léger & Duboscq) Manier-Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 12, 5: 771, 1964
Astreptonema corophii (Manier) Manier ex Manier-Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 12, 9: 98, 1968
Astreptonema typica Manier ex Manier-Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 12, 9: 99, 1968
Astreptonema pacificum Hibbits-Syesis 11: 248, 1978
Primary infestation sporangiospores cystlike, bilocular, rarely unilocular. Each locule releasing a 4-nucleate cell.
Etymology: Not known
Type species: Eccrinidus flexilis (Léger & Duboscq) Manier-Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 12, 10: 470, 1970 (1969)
Type host: Glomeris marginata, G. annulata, G. connexa, G. conspersa, and G. hexasticha (Diplopoda, Glomeridae)
Type locality: Widespread in France
ECCRINOIDES Léger & Duboscq-Arch. Anat. Microscop., 25: 309-324, Figs. I-VI, 1929
Primary infestation spores uninucleate, produced in series alternating with coenocytic nonsporulating thallial segments, thick walled.
Etymology: Not known
Type species: Eccrinoides henneguyi Léger & Duboscq-Arch. Anat. Microscop., 25: 311, Figs. I-IV, 1929
Type host: Loboglomeris rugifera and L. pyrenaica (Diplopoda, Glomeridae)
Type locality: Pyrenees mountains, France
Eccrinoides henneguyi Léger & Duboscq-Arch. Anat. Microscop., 25: 311, 1929
Eccrinoides monticolae (Poisson) Manier-Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 12, 10: 599, 1969-1970
Eccrinoides helleriae
Manier ex Lichtwardt-Mycotaxon, 20: 520,
1984
ENTEROBRYUS Leidy-Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 4: 225, 1849, emend, Lichtwardt-Mycologia 46: 564-585, 1954
Thalli attached to the host cuticle by well-defined secreted holdfasts. Primary infestation sporangiospores uninucleate and thin walled, secondary infestation sporangiospores cylindrical, multinucleate (4-8 nuclei). Other cell types sometimes also produced.
Etymology: Gr. enteron = intestine; Gr. bryon = moss
Type species: Enterobryus elegans Leidy-Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 4: 225, 1849, emend, Lichtwardt-Mycologia 46: 564-585, 1954
Type host: Narceus americanus, N. annularis (Diplopoda, Spirobolidae)
Type locality: Eastern North America
Enterobryus apheloriae Lichtwardt-Mycologia 46: 580, 1954
Enterobryus euryuri Lichtwardt-Mycologia 46: 577, 1954
Enterobryus moniliformis (Leidy) Lichtwardt-Mycologia 49: 738, 1957
Enterobryus borariae Lichtwardt-Mycologia 50: 551, 1958
Enterobryus halophilus Cronin & Johnson-J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., 74: 171, 1958
Enterobryus ahlesi Lichtwardt-Mycologia 52: 751, 1960
Enterobryus cherokiae Lichtwardt-Mycologia 52: 747, 1960
Enterobryus dixidesmi Lichtwardt-Mycologia 52: 743, 1960
Enterobryus oxidi Lichtwardt-Mycologia 52: 248, 1960
Enterobryus bifurcatus Whisler-Can. J. Bot., 41: 891, 1963
Enterobryus cingaloboli Rajagopalan-Curr. Sci., 36: 22, 1967
Enterobryus cylindroiuli Manier-Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 12, 10: 600, 1969 (1970)
Enterobryus hydrophilorum (Léger & Duboscq) Manier-Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 12, 10: 602, 1969 (1970)
Enterobryus leptoiuli Manier ex Manier-Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 12, 10: 603, 1969 (1970)
Enterobryus tuzetae Manier, Gasc, & Bouix-Biol. Gabonica 3-4: 318, 1972
Enterobryus adjanohouni Manier, Gasc, & Bouix-Bull. Inst. Fondamen. Afr. Noire 36: 627, 1974-1975
Enterobryus isoporostrepti Manier, Gasc & Bouix-Bull. Inst. Fondamen. Afr. Noire 36: 621, 1974-1975
Enterobryus onychostrepti Manier, Gasc, & Bouix-Bull. Inst. Fondamen. Afr. Noire 36: 621, 1974-1975
Enterobryus oxydesmi Manier, Gasc, & Bouix-Bull. Inst. Fondamen. Afr. Noire 36: 632, 1974-1975
Enterobryus peridontopygei Manier, Gasc, & Bouix-Bull. Inst. Fondamen. Afr. Noire 36: 626, 1974-1975
Enterobryus centroboli Gorter-Bothalia 23: 86, 1993
Enterobryus chaleponci Gorter-Bothalia 23: 88, 1993
Enterobryus zinophorae
Gorter-Bothalia 23: 87, 1993
ENTEROMYCES Lichtwardt-Lunds Univ. Årsskr. 57: 5, Figs. 1-13, 1961
Thalli dimorphic, usually growing in tufts,
attached to the foregut cuticle of the host by a
multiple holdfast system. Produce thick walled
uninucleate, or thin-walled uni-or multinucleate
sporangiospores. Spore mother-cell persistent.
Etymology: Gr. enteron =
intestine; Gr. mykes = fungus
Type species: Enteromyces callianassae Lichtwardt-Lunds Univ. Årsskr. 57: 6, 1961
Type host: Callianassa uncinata, (Crustacea)
Type locality: Southern Chile
ENTEROPOGON Hibbits-Syesis 11: 213-261, Figs. 2-3, 1978
Thalli are of four types, each producing thin-walled uninucleate and multinucleate cells. One thallus type shows scalariform fusions.
Etymology: Gr. enteron = intestine; Gr. pogon = beard, hair
Type species: Enteropogon sexuale Hibbits-Syesis 11: 222, Figs. 2-3, 1978
Type host: Upogebia pugettensis (Crustacea, Callianassidae)
Type locality: San Juan Archipelago,
Washington, USA
LEIDYOMYCES Lichtwardt, White, Cafaro & Misra, 1999-Mycologia 91: 695, 1999
Etymology: Named after Joseph Leidy
Type species: Leidyomyces attenuatus (Leidy) Lichtwardt, White, Cafaro & Misra-Mycologia 91: 694-702, 1999
Type host: Odontotaenius disjunctus (Coleoptera, Passalidae)
Type locality: Pennsylvania, USA
PARAMACRINELLA Manier & Grizel-Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 12, 12: 1-7, 1971
Thalli dimorphic. Macrothalli unbranched, producing primary and secondary infestation sporangiospores. Spore mother-cell persisting at the base of the mature thallus. Microthalli cleaving into series of small uninucleate cells.
Etymology: Not known
Type species: Paramacrinella microdeutopi Manier & Grizel-Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 12, 12: 1-8, 1971
Type host: Microdeutopus anomalus (Amphipoda, Aoridae)
Type locality: Department of Hérault,
France
PASSALOMYCES Lichtwardt, White, Cafaro & Misra-Mycologia 91: 695, 1999
Thalli with thick walls producing terminal
series of thick-walled compressed
sporangia each with a thin-walled uni- to
multinucleate sporangiospore. In
posterior hindgut of Passalidae (Coleoptera).
Etymology: Fungus from Passalidae
Type species: Passalomyces compressus (Thaxter) Lichtwardt, White, Cafaro & Misra-Mycologia 91: 696, 1999
Type host: Passalus sp.
Type locality: West Indies
RAMACRINELLA Manier & Ormières
ex Manier-Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 12, 9: 93-108, 1968
( = Ramacrinella Manier
& Ormières, 1961, nom. nud.)
Thalli dimorphic. Macrothalli branched, fertile axes several, producing primary and secondary infestation sporangiospores. Spore mother-cell persisting at the base of the mature thallus. Microthalli unbranched, cleaving into series of small uninucleate cells.
Etymology: Not known
Type species: Ramacrinella raibauti Manier & Ormières ex Manier-Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 12, 9: 99, 1968
Type host: Microdeutopus gryllotalpa (Amphipoda, Aoridae)
Type locality: Department of Hérault,
France
TAENIELLA Léger & Duboscq-Ann. Uni. Grenoble 23: 139-141, 1911
Thalli producing thick-walled resistant sporangiospores with two appendages at both poles, and thin-walled primary and secondary infestation sporangiospores.
Etymology: L. taenia = ribbon or tapeworm
Type species:Taeniella carcini Léger & Duboscq-Ann. Uni. Grenoble 23: 140, 1911
Type host: Carcinus maenas (Brachyura, Anomura)
Type locality: Mediterranean coast of
France
TAENIELLOPSIS Poisson-C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 185: 1329, 1927
Thalli not dimorphic, producing thin-walled uninucleate primary infestation sporangiospores, and multinucleate secondary infestation sporangiospores. Thick-walled, oval, uninucleate sporangiospores produced upon molting of the host.
Etymology: Like Taeniella
Type species: Taeniellopsis orchestiae Poisson-C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 185: 1329, 1927
Type host: Orchestia bottae (Amphipoda, Talitridae)
Type locality: Near Nancy, Department of
Meurthe-et-Moselle, France
Taeniellopsis flexilis Poisson-Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen., 69: 199, 1929
Taeniellopsis susplugasi
Manier ex Manier-Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot.,
Ser. 12, 10: 565-672, 1969 (1970)
PALAVASCIACEAE
Duboscq, Léger & Tuzet ex Manier &
Lichtwardt, 1969 (1968)
( = Palavasciaceae Duboscq, Léger & Tuzet, 1948, nom.
nud.)
Only multinucleate thick-walled primary infestation sporangiospores produced. Some sporangia germinate in situ.
Type genus: Palavascia Tuzet
& Manier ex Lichtwardt
Spore mother- cell persistent, sporangia in series, producing oval to ellipsoidal, thick-walled, multinucleate primary infestation sporangiospores, or germinate in situ to produce one or more narrow filaments of uninucleate cells.
Etymology: Named after the locality-Palavas
Type species: Palavascia philosciae Tuzet & Manier ex Manier & Lichtwardt-Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 12, 9: 525, 1968 (1969)
Type host: Halophiloscia couchi (Isopoda, Oniscidae)
Type locality: Near Palavas, Hérault,
France
Palavascia
sphaeromae Tuzet & Manier
ex Manier-Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 12,
9: 95, 1968
PARATAENIELLACEAE Manier & Lichtwardt, 1969 (1968)
Whole thallus or part of it developing into a sporangium containing many uninucleate primary infestation sporangiospores. Secondary infestation sporangiospores produced individually in sporangia, or absent.
Type genus: Parataeniella
Poisson
Thalli short, spore mother-cell persistent, producing single large sporangium containing many uninucleate primary infestation sporangiospores, or series of terminal cells containing uninucleate bodies.
Etymology: Not known
Type species: Lajasiella aphodii Tuzet & Manier ex Manier-Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 12, 9: 96, 1968
Type host: Larval Aphodius sp. (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae)
Type locality: Near Lattes, Hérault,
France
PARATAENIELLA Poisson-Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen., 69: 179-216, Figs. 18-19, 1929
Coenocytic thalli producing either a series of sporangia containing single, usually binucleate, secondary infestation sporangiospores, or the whole thallus converting into a sporangium having uni-or binucleate primary infestation sporangiospores, or both types produced in one thallus.
Etymology: Near Taeniella
Type species: Parataeniella mercieri (Poisson) Poisson-Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen., 69: 201, 1929
Type host: Oniscus asellus (Isopoda, Oniscidae)
Type locality: Pyrénées-Orientales,
Hérault, Calvados, France
Parataeniella mercieri (Poisson) Poisson-Arch. Zool. Exp. Gen., 69: 201, 1929
Parataeniella armadillidii Lichtwardt & Chen-Mycologia 56: 163, 1964
Parataeniella scotonisci Manier ex Manier-Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 12, 10: 614, 1969 (1970)
Parataeniella latrobi Williams & Lichtwardt-Can. J. Bot., 68: 1064, 1990-in Lichtwardt & Williams, 1990
HARPELLALES
Lichtwardt & Manier-Mycotaxon 7: 441-442, 1978
Thalli branched or unbranched attached to the gut lining of aquatic larval insects or rarely isopods. Trichospores produced in basipetal succession. Zygospores biconical.
Thalli unbranched, attached to the peritrophic membrane, or to the hindgut lining of the host (two of the four genera are known to attach to the hindgut lining).
Type genus: Harpella Léger & Duboscq
Thalli attached to the hindgut cuticle of larval Ceratopogonidae (Diptera). Thallus may break up to produce generative cell trichospore units. Zygospores attached to zygosporophores by their basal pole.
Etymology: Not known
Type species: Carouxella scalaris Manier, Rioux & Whisler ex Manier & Lichtwardt-Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 12, 9: 527, 1968 (1969)
Type host: Dasyhelea lithotelmatica & other species of Dasyhelea (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae)
Type locality: Departments of Hérault and Pyrénées-Orientales, France
Carouxella ceometeriensis Lichtwardt, López Lastra
& Ferrington-Mycologia 91: 1061, 1999
HARPELLA Léger & Duboscq-C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 188: 951-954, Figs., 1-6, 1929
Thalli unbranched, attached to the peritrophic membrane of larval Simuliidae (Diptera). Trichospores, cylindrical, straight, curved to coiled, or sigmoid, without collar, with 2-4 appendages. Zygospores biconical, attached perpendicularly to the zygosporophores.
Etymology: Gr. Harpe means sickle
Type species: Harpella melusinae Léger & Duboscq-C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 188: 951, 1929
Type host: Larval Simuliidae (Diptera)
Type locality: Various rivers of Central France and Alps
Harpella leptosa Lichtwardt & Moss-Can. J. Bot., 58: 1036, 1980-in Moss & Lichtwardt, 1980
Harpella meridianalis Lichtwardt & Arenas-Mycologia 88: 845, 1996
Harpella tica Lichtwardt-Costa Rica Rev. Biol.
Trop. 45: 1352, 1997
HARPELLOMYCES Lichtwardt & Moss-Mycotaxon 20: 511-517, Figs. 1-11, 1984b
Thalli attached to the hindgut cuticle or peritrophic membrane by holdfast cell. Trichospores distally produced by the fertile branch in the hindgut, without a collar, with 3 appendages. Zygospores biconical, obliquely and submedially attached to the zygosporophores.
Etymology: Like Harpella
Type species: Harpellomyces eccentricus Lichtwardt & Moss-Mycotaxon 20: 514, Figs. 1-11, 1984b
Type host: Larval Thaumalea sp. (Diptera, Thaumaleidae)
Type locality: Small stream draining into N shore of Lake Torneträsk,
across from Abisko, Sweden
STACHYLINA Léger & Gauthier-C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 194: 2262-2265, 1932
Thalli unbranched, cylindrical to fusiform, attached to peritrophic membrane of the host either by a small secreted holdfast or by penetrating the membrane. Trichospores oval to biconical, (with or) without collar, with single appendage. Zygospores known for only one species.
Etymology: Gr. Stachyos means ear of grain, spike
Type species: Stachylina macrospora Léger &
Gauthier-C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 194: 2263, 1932
( = Stachylina intermedia Poisson, 1936, nom.
nud. in: Mélanges dédiés au Professeur Lucien Daniel. Université
de Rennes, pp 75-86, Figs. 1, 2)
Type host: Larval Diamesinae (Diptera, Chironomidae)
Type locality: Alpine streams, near Grenoble, France
Stachylina macrospora Léger & Gauthier-C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 194: 2263, 1932
Stachylina euthena Manier & Coste-Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 87: 96, 1971
Stachylina chironomidarum Lichtwardt-Mycologia 64: 193, 1972
Stachylina grandispora Lichtwardt-Mycologia 64: 193, 1972
Stachylina pedifer Williams & Lichtwardt-Mycologia 75: 729, 1983-in Lichtwardt & Williams, 1983
Stachylina lotica Williams & Lichtwardt-Mycologia 76: 205, 1984
Stachylina manicata Williams & Lichtwardt-Mycologia 76: 204, 1984
Stachylina minuta Gauthier ex Lichtwardt-Mycotaxon 19: 542, 1984
Stachylina nana Lichtwardt-Mycotaxon 19: 547, 1984a
Stachylina penetralis Lichtwardt-Mycotaxon 19: 544, 1984a
Stachylina magna Indoh, Lichtwardt & Kobayasi-Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 28: 371, 1988 (1987)-in Lichtwardt et al., 1987
Stachylina prolifica Lichtwardt, Kobayasi & Indoh-Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 28: 375, 1988 (1987)-in Lichtwardt et al., 1987
Stachylina reflexa Lichtwardt & Williams-Mycologia 80: 401, 1988
Stachylina minima Williams & Lichtwardt-Can. J. Bot., 68: 1050, 1990
Stachylina queenslandiae Lichtwardt-Can. J. Bot, 68: 1062, 1990
Stachylina thaumaleidarum Lichtwardt & Williams-Can. J. Bot., 68: 1062, 1990
Stachylina paludosa Lichtwardt-Costa Rica. Rev. Biol. Trop., 42: 36, 1994
Stachylina ceratopogonidarum Lichtwardt & Arenas-Mycologia 88: 849, 1996
Stachylina robusta Lichtwardt & Williams-Mycologia 91: 398, 1999
Stachylina litoralis Lichtwardt, White &
Colbo-Mycologia 93: 768, 2001
STACHYLINOIDES Ferrington, Lichtwardt & López Lastra-Mycologia 91: 1069, 1999
Unbranched thallus not fertile near basal end, producing trichospores
without
a collar and with a single appendage. In Chironomidae larvae.
Etymology: Like Stachylina
Type species: Stachylinoides arctata Ferrington, Lichtwardt & López Lastra-Mycologia 91: 1069, 1999
Type host: Thienemanniella sp. (Diptera, Chironomidae)
Type locality: Río Negro Province, Argentina
Pouzar-Folia Geobot. Phytotax., Praha, 7: 319-320, 1972
( = Genistellaceae Léger & Gauthier-C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 194:
2262-2265, 1932)
Thalli branched, septate, eucarpic, attached to the hindgut cuticle of the host.
Type genus: Legeriomyces Pouzar
Trichospores tapering at both ends (subcylindrical), widest medially, with collar and single appendage, borne on generative cells. Allantoid auxillary spores also formed on generative cells and germinate in the same gut. Zygospores biconical, attached subapically to one of the conjugating hypha; homothallic.
Etymology: For allantoid auxiliary cells.
Type species: A. caenidarum Williams & Lichtwardt, 1993.
Type host: Larval Tasmanocoenis sp. (Ephemeroptera, Caenidae)
Type locality: South Dandalup River Southwestern Western Australia,
Australia.
AUSTROSMITTIUM Lichtwardt & Williams-Can. J. Bot., 68: 1047-1048, Figs. 1-4, 1990
Thalli branched, trichospores oval, with collar and one appendage. Zygospores biconical, swollen medially, collar oblique, appendage one.
Etymology: Smittium-like genus from Australasia
Type species: Austrosmittium kiwiorum Williams & Lichtwardt-Can. J. Bot., 68: 1047, 1990
Type host: Larval Chironomidae
Type locality: Wainui Stream, Banks Peninsula, South Island (New
Zealand)
Austrosmittium kiwiorum Williams & Lichtwardt-Can. J. Bot., 68: 1047, 1990
Austrosmittium norinsulare Lichtwardt-in Williams & Lichtwardt-Can. J. Bot., 68: 1048, 1990
Austrosmittium biforme Williams & Lichtwardt-in
Lichtwardt & Williams-Mycologia 84: 384, 1992
BOJAMYCES Longcore-Mycologia, 81: 482-486, Figs. 1-8, 10-12, 1989
Thalli sparsely branched, sprawling, and disarticulating. Generative cells scattered on thallus interspaced with vegetative cells, trichospores with collar, without appendage.
Etymology: Latin Boia or Boja, meaning collar
Type species: Bojamyces repens Longcore-Mycologia 81: 482, 1989
Type host: Leptophlebia intermedia (Ephemeroptera)
Type locality: Salmon Pond, Hancock County, Maine, USA
CAPNIOMYCES Peterson & Lichtwardt-Mycologia 75: 242, Figs. 1-9, 1983
Generative cells in a series forming 3-4 trichospores terminally on the sporulating branch. Trichospores elongate-ovoid with 1-6 very broad basal appendages, without a collar. Zygospores biconical, attached to zygosporophores submedially and obliquely.
Etymology: Named after Capniidae host
Type species: Capniomyces stellatus Peterson & Lichtwardt-Mycologia 75: 242, 1983
Type host: Allocapnia granulata (Plecoptera, Capniidae)
Type locality: Polk County, Missouri, USA
CAUDOMYCES Lichtwardt, Kobayasi & Indoh-Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 28: 359-412, Fig. 11, 1987
Thalli sparsely branched. Each generative cell has a long extended structure which terminally bears a long-ellipsoidal trichospore. Each Trichospores, upon release, possess the extension of the generative cell which looks like collar.
Etymology: Latin Cauda means tail
Type species: Caudomyces japonicus Lichtwardt, Kobayasi & Indoh-in Lichtwardt et al., 1987-Trans. Mycol. Soc. Japan 28: 376, Fig. 11, 1987
Type host: Antocha sp. (Diptera, Tipulidae)
Type locality: Tsutagawa, Aomori Pref., Honshu, Japan
COLEOPTEROMYCES Ferrington, Lichtwardt & López Lastra-Mycologia 91: 1064, 1999
Thalli with a main axis, sparsely branched, in hindgut of larvae
of Scirtidae
(Coleoptera). Trichospores long-ellipsoidal with a small collar and
single appendage.
Zygospores unknown
Etymology: Fungus from a Coleoptera
Type species: Coleopteromyces amnicus Ferrington, Lichtwardt & López Lastra-Mycologia 91: 1064, 1999
Type host: Scirtidae (Coleoptera) larva
Type locality: Río Negro Province, Argentina
EJECTOSPORUS Peterson, Lichtwardt & Williams-in Lichtwardt et al.-Mycologia 83: 389-396, Figs. 1-8, 1991
Thalli have prostrate basal cells attached to the hindgut. Sporogenous branches arise from the basal cells, become septate apically forming 3-6 generative cells producing trichospores. Trichospores long-ellipsoidal persistent, non-appendiculate or without appendage. Sporangiospores extrude/eject out of the sporangia (trichospores) and attach to the hindgut cuticle of the host with a mucilaginous holdfast; they are lunate in shape.
Etymology: Sporangiospores eject (extrude) form the trichospores exhibiting a sleeve
Type species: Ejectosporus magnus Peterson, Lichtwardt & Williams-Mycologia 83: 390, 1991
Type host: Larvae of Allocapnia sp. (Plecoptera, Capniidae)
Type locality: Thompson branch of Blackwater Creek, Walker Co.,
Alabama, USA
FURCULOMYCES Lichtwardt & Williams-Can. J. Bot., 70: 1196-1198, Figs. 1-9, 1992
Basionym: Smittium boomerangum Williams & Lichtwardt-in Lichtwardt & Williams- Can. J. Bot., 68: 1057-1074, Figs. 1-9, 1990
Thalli homothallic, horseshoe shaped (furculoid) holdfast gives rise to radiating primary branches, secondary branches sparse and narrow. Trichospores cylindrical, medially swollen, with collar and one appendage. Zygospores homothallically formed by two furculum-like conjugating branches, attached medially at an angle, bend or depression.
Etymology: Latin Furcula, for the wishbone of a bird
Type species: Furculomyces boomerangus (Williams & Lichtwardt) Williams & Lichtwardt-in Lichtwardt & Williams-Can. J. Bot., 70: 1196, 1992
Type host: Larval bloodworm, Chironomidae
Type locality: Mason Falls, Victoria
Furculomyces westraliensis Williams & Lichtwardt-in Lichtwardt & Williams-Can. J. Bot., 70: 1196, 1992
Furculomyces septentrionalis Misra, White &
Lichtwardt-Mycologia 91: 703, 1999
GAUTHIEROMYCES Lichtwardt-Mycotaxon, 17: 213, Figs.1-2, 1983
(=Genistella microspora Gauthier, 1960, nom. nud.)
Thalli arbusculate, trichospores horseshoe-shaped, eccentrically attached to the generative cells. Zygospores and appendages in trichospores not known.
Etymology: Named after M. Gauthier
Type species: Gauthieromyces microsporus Lichtwardt-Mycotaxon 17: 213, Figs.1- 2,1983
Type host: Larval mayfly, Baetis pumilus
Type locality: Streams (Bresson, Tavernolles) located near Grenoble,
France
GENISTELLOIDES Peterson, Lichtwardt & Horn-Mycologia, 73: 477, Figs. 1-9, 1981
Trichospores obpyriform, without a collar, bearing two appendages. Zygospores attached medially and perpendicularly to the zygosporophores.
Etymology: Resembles Genistella, now Legeriomyces
Type species: Genistelloides hibernus Peterson, Lichtwardt & Horn-Mycologia 73: 477-485, Figs. 1-9, 1981
Type host: Larval stonefly, Allocapnia vivipara (Plecoptera, Capniidae)
Type locality: Rock Creek, Douglas County, Kansas, USA
Genistelloides helicoides Williams & Lichtwardt-Mycologia
79: 473, 1987
GENISTELLOSPORA Lichtwardt-Mycologia, 64: 167-197, Figs. 1-16, 1972
Prominent secreted holdfast, homothallic. Trichospores ovoid, without a collar, with about 6 appendages. Zygospores borne parallel to the axis of zygosporophores, attached medially.
Etymology: Belonging to the family Genistellaceae, now Legeriomycetaceae
Type species: Genistellospora homothallica Lichtwardt-Mycologia, 64: 169, 1972
Type host: Larval blackfly, Simulium venustum (Diptera, Simuliidae)
Type locality: Pond, Third Creek, Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming,
USA
Genistellospora guanacastensis Lichtwardt-Rev. Biol. Trop. 45: 1353, 1997
Genistellospora nubila Lichtwardt-Costa Rica Rev. Biol. Trop. 45: 1353, 1997
Genistellospora tepidaria Lichtwardt-Costa Rica
Rev. Biol. Trop. 45: 13543, 1997
GLOTZIA Gauthier
ex Manier & Lichtwardt-Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 12, 9: 519-532,
1968
( = Glotzia Gauthier, C. R. Acad. Sci., Paris,
202: 1096-1098, Figs. 1-4, 1936 nom. nud.)
Thalli 1-2 mm long, branched, with one or more holdfasts attached laterally to a prominent and branched basal cell. Trichospores cylindrical, without a collar, with two short divergent appendages and 1 long, finer appendage. Zygospores obliquely and submedially attached to zygosporophores.
Etymology: Not known
Type species: Glotzia centroptili Gauthier ex Manier & Lichtwardt-Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 12, 9: 528, 1968
Type host: Centroptilum luteolum (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae)
Type locality: Cold pools and streams of the Dauphiné French Alps
Glotzia ephemeridarum Lichtwardt-Mycologia 64: 186, 1972
Glotzia plecopterorum Lichtwardt-in Williams & Lichtwardt-Can. J. Bot., 68: 1048, 1990
Glotzia tasmaniensis Lichtwardt & Williams-Can.
J. Bot., 68: 1059, 1990
GRAMINELLA Léger & Gauthier
ex Manier-Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 97: 241-254, Fig. 7, 1962
( = Graminella Léger & Gauthier-C. R. Acad.
Sci. Paris 202: 27-29, Fig. 1-5, 1937 nom. nud.)
Thallus with a main axis and sparse branching, base bulbous. Trichospores produced in series, ovoid, with a single appendage and without a collar. Zygospores with an oblique median collar. Vegetative propagules that grow within the gut may also be formed.
Etymology: Latin Gramen, small grass
Type species: Graminella bulbosa Léger & Gauthier ex Manier-Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Toulouse 97: 251, Fig. 7, 1962
Type host: Larval Baetis sp. (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae)
Type locality: Streams near Grenoble, France
Graminella microspora Moss & Lichtwardt-in
Lichtwardt & Moss-Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc., 76: 311, 1981
GRAMINELLOIDES Lichtwardt-Rev. Biol. Trop. 45: 1349-1383, Figs. 19-23, 1997
Thalli sparsely branched, holdfast tapered to a point. Trichospores biconical, without a collar, with a single appendage. Entire thallus may be fertile when producing trichospores.
Etymology: Resembles the genus Graminella
Type species: Graminelloides biconica Lichtwardt-Costa Rica Rev. Biol. Trop. 45: 1354, Figs. 19-23, 1997.
Type host: Larval Simuliidae
Type locality: Stream West of Portalón and South East of Quepos
in Puntarenas Province
LANCISPOROMYCES Santamaria-Mycologia 89: 639, Figs. 1-12, 1997
Thalli profusely branched, having opposite and verticillate branches; holdfast cell small and pointed. Trichospores long and ovoid, without a collar, with two long appendages. Zygospores lance-shaped, zygosporophores indistinct.
Etymology: Name based on the shape of zygospores (lance-shaped)
Type species: Lancisporomyces vernalis Santamaria-Mycologia 89: 639, Figs. 1-12, 1997
Type host: Larval Nemoura sp. (Plecoptera, Nemouridae)
Type locality: Gualba, Can Dança Stream, Barcelona, Spain
LEGERIOIDES White-Mycologia 91: 1022, 1999
Trichospores obpyriform, without a collar, bearing two appendages.
Conjugations may be homothallic. Conjugation occurs between
an extension of a
swollen cell and a branch. Zygosporophore borne on a swollen
cell. Zygospores
biconical, attached submedially and obliquely to the zygosporophore.
Attached to
hindgut lining of freshwater Isopoda.
Etymology: Similar to Legeriomyces
Type species: Legerioides tumidus White-Mycologia 91: 1022, 1999
Type host: Caecidotea communis (Isopoda, Asellidae)
Type locality: Massachusetts, USA
LEGERIOMYCES Pouzar-Folia Geobot.
Phytotax., Praha, 7: 319, 1972
( = Genistella ramosa Léger & Gauthier-C.
R. Acad. Sci. Paris, 194: 2262-2265, Fig. 3, 1932)
Trichospores obpyriform, without collar, with 2 appendages. Zygospores biconical, submedially and obliquely attached to the zygosporophore, detached zygospores with collar and a single appendage.
Etymology: Named after L. Léger
Type species: Legeriomyces ramosus Pouzar-Folia Geobot. Phytotax., Praha, 7: 319, 1972
Type host: Larval Baetis rhodani (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae)
Type locality: Streams in the French and Swiss Alps, French Pyrenees
Legeriomyces aenigmaticus Lichtwardt & Williams-Mycologia 75: 757, 1983b
Legeriomyces rarus Lichtwardt & Williams-in
Williams & Lichtwardt-Can. J. Bot., 71: 1111, 1993
LEGERIOSIMILIS Williams, Lichtwardt, White & Misra-Mycologia 91: 400, 1999
Trichospores elongate-obpyriform, collarless, with 3 wide tapering
appendages ending in a knob-like structure, with very fine appendages
sometimes
extending beyond the terminal knob. Zygospores biconical, submedian,
attached at
an oblique angle to the zygosporophore (Type II). Attached
to hindgut cuticle of
Ephemeroptera nymphs.
Etymology: Similar to Legeriomyces
Type species: Legeriosimilis tricaudata Williams, Lichtwardt, White & Misra-Mycologia 91: 400, 1999
Type host: Ameletus sp. (Ephemeroptera, Siphlonuridae)
Type locality: Colorado, USA
ORPHELLA Léger & Gauthier-Trav. Lab. Hydrobiol. Piscic. Univ. Grenoble, 23: 67-72, Figs. 1-2, 1931
Thallus with a main axis having limited branching, fertile branches terminating in a whorl of cells that produce multicellular dissemination units each bearing one trichospore. Trichospores cylindrical and straight or curved or coiled. No zygospores known.
Etymology: Not known
Type species: Orphella coronata Léger & Gauthier-Trav. Lab. Hydrobiol. Piscic. Univ. Grenoble, 23: 68, Figs. 1-2, 1931
Type host: Larval Protonemura humeralis (Plecoptera, Nemouridae)
Type locality: Streams of the Dauphiné French Alps, France
Orphella coronata Léger & Gauthier-Trav. Lab. Hydrobiol. Piscic. Univ. Grenoble 23: 68, Figs. 1-2, 1931
Orphella haysii Lichtwardt & Williams-in Williams & Lichtwardt-Mycologia 79: 475, 1987a
Orphella helicospora Santamaria & Girbal-Mycol. Res. 102: 177, Figs. 1-7, 1998
Orphella hiemalis Peterson, Lichtwardt & Huss-in Lichtwardt, Peterson & Huss-Mycologia 83: 214, 1991
Orphella avalonensis
White, Lichtwardt & Colbo-in Lichtwardt, White & Colbo-Mycologia
93: 765, 2001
PENNELLA Manier ex Manier-Ann. Sci.
Nat., Bot., Ser. 12, 9: 93-108, 1968
( = Pennella Manier-Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser.
12, 4: 737-750, Figs., 4-7, 1963b nom. nud.)
Basal cell simple to dichotomously bifurcated, cemented to host gut lining by means of a mucilaginous secretion. Trichospores long, obpyriform or cylindrical with 4-6 appendages and without a collar. Zygospores biconical, attached medially and oriented parallel to the zygosporophores.
Etymology: Latin Penna, feather
Type species: Pennella hovassi Manier ex Manier-Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 12, 9: 106, 1968
Type host: Larval Simuliidae
Type locality: Department of Puy-de-Dôme, France
Pennella hovassi Manier ex Manier-Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 12, 9: 106, 1968
Pennella simulii Williams & Lichtwardt-Mycologia 63: 910, 1971
Pennella angustispora Lichtwardt-Mycologia 74: 183, 1972
Pennella arctica Lichtwardt & Williams-in Lichtwardt-Mycotaxon 19: 530, 1984a
Pennella asymmetrica Williams & Lichtwardt-Can. J. Bot., 68: 1050, 1990
Pennella montana Lichtwardt-Rev. Biol. Trop.,
45: 1355, 1997
PLECOPTEROMYCES Lichtwardt, Ferrington & López Lastra-Mycologia 91: 1066, 1999
Trichospores long-ellipsoidal, without a collar, bearing one or
two broad
appendages. Zygospores (Type IV) turbinate, attached to zygosporophore
at
broader end. In Plecoptera nymphs.
Etymology: Fungus from a Plecoptera
Type species: Plecopteromyces patagoniensis Lichtwardt, Ferrington & López Lastra-Mycologia 91: 1066, 1999
Type host: Limnoperla jaffueli (Plecoptera, Gripopterygidae)
Type locality: Neuquén Province, Argentina
PSEUDOHARPELLA Ferrington,
White & Lichtwardt - Aquatic Insects 25: 86, 2003
Branched thalli producing coiled trichospores with three appendages. Zygospores (Type II) with nearly median collar and a single appendage.
Etymology: From Gr. pseudos (false) and Harpella
Type species: Pseudoharpella arcolamylica Ferrington, White & Lichtwardt - Aquatic Insects 25: 86, 2003
Type host: Dixa fluvica (Diptera, Dixidae)
Type locality: Minnesota, USA
PTEROMAKTRON Whisler-Can. J. Bot., 41: 887-900, Figs. 4-6, 1963
Coenocytic arbusculate thalli attached to hindgut lining by proliferated attachment pad, bearing a compact head of spores arranged in unilateral series on terminal short branches of main stalk. Trichospores cylindrical, without a collar, with a single appendage.
Etymology: Resembling miniature feather duster
Type species: Pteromaktron protrudens Whisler-Can. J. Bot., 41: 897, 1963
Type host: Larval Callibaetis pacificus (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae)
Type locality: St. Helena Creek, Lake Co., California, USA
SIMULIOMYCES Lichtwardt-Mycologia 64: 167-197, Figs. 28-36, 1972
Thalli attached to the gutlining or to other gut-dwelling fungus by a small holdfast. Trichospores long ellipsoidal, without a collar, with 2-4 appendages. Zygospores attached perpendicularly and medially to the zygosporophores.
Etymology: Named after the host genus Simulium, blackfly
Type species: Simuliomyces microsporus Lichtwardt-Mycologia 64: 180, Figs. 28-36, 1972
Type host: Larval Simulium (Diptera, Simuliidae)
Type locality: Stream near Pacific Creek Road, Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming, USA
Simuliomyces spica Peterson & Lichtwardt-Mycologia
75: 246, 1983
SMITTIUM Poisson-Mélanges dédiés au Professeur Lucien Daniel, Université de Rennes 75-86, Figs. 3-7, 1936
Trichospores variable in shape ranging from ellipsoidal to cylindrical, with a collar and single appendage. Zygospores biconical to fusiform, attached to the zygosporophores obliquely and submedially; detached zygospores have a collar and a single appendage.
Etymology: Named after the host Smittia sp.
Type species: Smittium arvernense Poisson-Mélanges dédiés au Professeur Lucien Daniel, Université de Rennes, 85, Figs. 3-7, 1936
Type host: Larval Smittia sp. (Diptera, Chironomidae)
Type locality: Besse-en-Chandesse, Department of Puy-de-Dôme, France
Smittium culisetae Lichtwardt-Amer J. Bot. 51: 837, 1964a
Smittium simulii Lichtwardt-Amer. J. Bot., 51: 837, 1964a
Smittium arcticum Y. Kobayasi-Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus. (Tokyo) 12: 320, 1969
Smittium macrosporum Y. Kobayasi-Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus. (Tokyo) 12: 320, 1969
Smittium chironomi Manier-Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 12, 10: 627, 1969b (1970b)
Smittium culicis Manier-Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 12, 10: 627, 1969b (1970b)
Smittium mucronatum Manier & Mathiez ex Manier-Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 12,10: 628, 1969b (1970b)
Smittium bisporum Manier & Coste-Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 87: 93, 1971
Smittium incrassatum Y. Kobayasi-Bull. Nat. Sci. Mus. (Tokyo) 14: 25, 1971
Smittium megazygosporum Manier & Coste-Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 87: 95, 1971
Smittium pusillum Manier & Coste-Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 87: 93, 1971
Smittium typhellum Manier & Coste-Bull. Soc. Mycol. France 87: 94, 1971
Smittium elongatum Lichtwardt-Mycologia 64: 191, 1972
Smittium morbosum Sweeney-Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. 77: 55, 1981
Smittium cellaspora Williams-Mycotaxon 16: 183, 1982
Smittium longisporum Williams, Lichtwardt & Peterson-Mycotaxon 16: 169, 1982
Smittium dimorphum Lichtwardt & Williams-Mycologia 75: 729, 1983a
Smittium alpinum Lichtwardt-Mycotaxon 19: 536, 1984a
Smittium gigasporus Williams & Lichtwardt-Mycologia 76: 206, 1984
Smittium orthocladii Manier-Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 12, 10: 626, 1969 (1970) emend. Lichtwardt-Mycotaxon 19: 538, 1984
Smittium ouseli Williams & Lichtwardt-Mycologia 76: 208, 1984
Smittium pennelli Lichtwardt-Mycotaxon 19: 533, 1984a
Smittium tipulidarum Williams & Lichtwardt-Mycologia 79: 836, 1987b
Smittium coloradense Lichtwardt & Williams-in Williams & Lichtwardt-Mycologia 79: 836, 1987b
Smittium perforatum Williams & Lichtwardt-Mycologia 79: 832, 1987b
Smittium aciculare Lichtwardt-in Lichtwardt & Williams-Can J. Bot., 68: 1059, 1990
Smittium delicatum Lichtwardt-in Lichtwardt & Williams-Can. J. Bot., 68: 1061, 1990
Smittium morbosum var. rioplatensis López Lastra-Rev. Arg. Micologia 13: 15, 1990
Smittium paludis Willliams & Lichtwardt-in Lichtwardt & Williams-Can. J. Bot., 68: 1061, 1990
Smittium rarum Lichtwardt-in Williams & Lichtwardt-Can. J. Bot., 68: 1050, 1990
Smittium rupestre Lichtwardt-in Lichtwardt & Williams-Can. J. Bot., 68: 1062, 1990
Smittium angustum Williams & Lichtwardt-in Lichtwardt & Williams-Mycologia 84: 392, 1992a
Smittium bullatum Lichtwardt & Williams-Can. J. Bot., 70: 1193, 1992a
Smittium compactum Lichtwardt & Williams-Mycologia 84: 385, 1992b
Smittium fastigatum Lichtwardt & Williams-Mycologia 84: 385, 1992b
Smittium fruticosum Williams & Lichtwardt-in Lichtwardt & Williams-Mycologia 84: 394, 1992c
Smittium microsporum Williams & Lichtwardt-in Lichtwardt & Williams-Mycologia 84: 394, 1992c
Smittium fasciculatum Lichtwardt-Rev. Biol. Trop., 42: 36, 1994
Smittium phytotelmatum Lichtwardt-Rev. Biol. Trop., 42: 33, 1994
Smittium cylindrosporum Lichtwardt & Arenas-Mycologia 88: 847 1996
Smittium imitatum Lichtwardt & Arenas-Mycologia 88: 848, 1996
Smittium simulatum Lichtwardt & Arenas-Mycologia 88: 848, 1996
Smittium dipterorum Lichtwardt-Rev. Biol. Trop., 45: 1356, 1997
Smittium culicisoides Lichtwardt-Rev. Biol. Trop., 45: 1356, 1997
Smittium annulatum Lichtwardt-Rev. Biol. Trop., 45: 1355, 1997
Smittium parvum Lichtwardt-Rev. Biol. Trop., 45: 1357, 1997
Smittium acutum Lichtwardt & Grigg-Mycologia 90: 430, 1998
Smittium caudatum Lichtwardt & Grigg-Mycologia 90: 428, 1998
Smittium commune Lichtwardt & Grigg-Mycologia 90: 429, 1998
Smittium kansense Lichtwardt & Grigg-Mycologia 90: 430, 1998
Smittium fecundum Lichtwardt & Williams-Mycologia
91: 396
SPARTIELLA Tuzet & Manier ex Manier-Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 12, 9: 93-108, 1968
( = Spartiella Tuzet & Manier-Ann. Sci. Nat., Zool. Ser. 11, 12: 15-23, Fig. II, 1950a, nom. nud.)
Holdfast cell often swollen or lobulate. Trichospores obpyriform, with long fine appendage having a knob, and without a collar. Zygospores attached medially and perpendicularly to the zygosporophores, with a collar.
Etymology: Latin Sparteus, little broom
Type species: Spartiella barbata Tuzet & Manier ex Manier-Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 12, 9: 104, 1968
Type host: Larval Baetis sp. (Ephemeroptera, Baetidae)
Type locality: Streams (le Lez, la Mosson), Department of Hérault, France
Spartiella animae Lichtwardt- Rev. Biol. Trop.,
45: 1357, 1997
STIPELLA Léger and Gauthier-C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 194: 2263, Fig. 1, 1932
Holdfast cell simple to forked verrucose, attached to the hindgut cuticle by mucilaginous secretion. Trichospores cylindrical, without a collar, with 3 (4) equal thick appendages. Zygospores attached perpendicularly to the zygosporophores.
Etymology: Latin Stipe, stem
Type species: Stipella vigilans Léger & Gauthier-C. R. Acad. Sci. Paris 194: 2263, 1932
Type host: Larval Simuliidae
Type locality: Streams in several French Departments (Dauphiné, Hérault, Puy-de-Dôme)
TRICHOZYGOSPORA Lichtwardt-Mycologia 64: 167-197, Figs. 17-27, 1972
Trichospores ellipsoidal, with a collar and many fine appendages. Zygospores biconical, attached obliquely to the zygosporophores, with a collar and multiple fine appendages.
Etymology: Hair-like appendages on the zygospore
Type species: Trichozygospora chironomidarum Lichtwardt-Mycologia 64: 173, 1972
Type host: Larval Orthocladius sp. (Diptera, Chironomidae)
Type locality: Stream in the Grand Teton National Park in the Rocky Mountains of Wyoming, USA
ZYGOPOLARIS Moss, Lichtwardt & Manier-Mycologia 67: 120-127, Figs. 1-9, 1975
Thalli attached to the hindgut lining by a definite secreted holdfast. Thalli project out of the host anus. Fertile branchlets develop distally from the projecting branches. Trichospores elongate-ovoid, without a collar or well-developed appendages. Zygospores attached to the zygosporophores at one pole.
Etymology: Zygospores attached at one pole
Type species: Zygopolaris ephemeridarum Moss, Lichtwardt & Manier-Mycologia 67:
122, 1975
Type host: Larval mayfly, Ephemerella inermis (Ephemeroptera, Ephemerellidae)
Type locality: Hidden Valley Creek, Rocky Mountain National Park, USA
Zygopolaris borealis Lichtwardt & Williams-Can.
J. Bot., 62: 1283, 1984
Last update: 24 January 2000; Comments & Suggestions: licht@ku.edu
Note: Type specimens previously deposited at the University of Kansas are now deposited at FH (Farlow Herbarium, Harvard University).